Some cell processes are influenced by multiple signaling pathways that converge on the same molecular targets. Does this provide a selective advantage to the organism? a. No. The possibility of getting "mixed signals" creates confusion for the cell.
b. Somewhat. The organism saves energy by not having to synthesize the components for independent pathways, but it runs the risk of having the cell make a mistake in its response to input.
c. It is neutral. There are just a few ways a cell can respond to input anyway, so pathways often have to overlap.
d. Yes. This can enhance the "intelligence" of the cell, by allowing it to integrate information, and respond to certain inputs based on context.