May you do these really quick please ?! (English is my second language so it's hard to understand some lessons)

How does deforestation affect the water cycle? a. it increases the amount of runoff b.it increases the amount of percolation c. it increases the amount of transpiration d. it increases the amount of precipitationa it increases the amount of runoff

The nursing instructor has been observing nursing students initiate an iv infusion. which action(s), if made by the nursing student, indicates that further instruction is needed? (select all that apply.) the nursing student:

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i.e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).