During DNA replication, several natural proofreading mechanisms are in place to prevent an error from occurring. However, errors can occur occasionally. If the error is not fixed, it becomes a genetic mutation. How can a mutation affect protein synthesis by a cell? Do you think there are different consequences if it happens in a gamete cell (sperm or egg) versus a non-gamete cell?

Recall that the DNA sequence found within a gene controls protein synthesis. If the DNA sequence is altered, this can alter the amino acid sequence within a protein. Figure : The process of protein synthesis first creates an mRNA copy of a DNA sequence during the process of transcription.

ionic bonds are two oppositely charged ions that attract. a sodium ion has a 1 positive charge; a chloride ion has a 1 negative charge. sodium and chloride have oppostive charged ions that attract which forms an ionic bond. a chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons is called