30 pointsApply your understanding of how alleles assort and combine during reproduction to evaluate a scenario involving a monohybrid cross. The allele for having freckles (F) is dominant over the allele for not having freckles (f). Some characteristics in people are inherited as simple dominant and recessive traits. One example is freckles. Freckles is a dominant trait, and the lack of freckles is a recessive trait. In this example, a person with freckles is represented as either FF or Ff, and a person with no freckles is represented as ff.
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1. Imagine a mother and a father who both have freckles and are heterozygous for the trait, or Ff. They are the P generation, or parent generation. Create a Punnett square to show their offspring, the F1 generation.

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Part 1 Punnett Square

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2. Calculate the ratios of the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring in the F1 generation.

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Genotypes:
Phenotypes:
Part 2: Dihybrid Cross—Predicting Flower Color and Seed Shape
Imagine that you are crossing two plants that are heterozygous for flower color and seed shape. The dominant and recessive alleles for these traits are as follows:
purple flowers: P
white flowers: p
round seeds: R
wrinkled seeds: r
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1. Determine the genotype of each parent plant and write them below.

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Genotype of parent plant 1:
Genotype of parent plant 2:
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2. How will the alleles for these traits assort into the gametes that each parent might produce? (Hint: For a reminder on how alleles sort independently into gametes, refer to the illustration in Part 2, Question 2, in the Student Guide.)

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Parent plant 1
Gamete 1:
Gamete 2:
Gamete 3:
Gamete 4:
Parent plant 2
Gamete 1:
Gamete 2:
Gamete 3:
Gamete 4:
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3. Create a Punnett square to calculate the possible genotypes that can result from a cross between the two parent plants. In a dihybrid cross, the alleles of the gametes of each parent are written along the left side and top of the Punnett square, just as they are for a monohybrid cross. Fill in the squares with the predicted genotypes. Some information has been filled in for you to help you complete a Punnett square for a dihybrid cross.

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Part 2 Punnett Square

PPRr
PPRr
ppRR
pprr
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4. Look at the Punnett square and list the genotypes that would correspond to each phenotype.

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purple flowers, round seeds:
purple flowers, wrinkled seeds:
white flowers, round seeds:
white flowers, wrinkled seeds:
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5. Finally, look at the Punnett square again and write the numbers of offspring with each phenotype.

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purple flowers, round seeds:
purple flowers, wrinkled seeds:
white flowers, round seeds:
white flowers, wrinkled seeds: