The inner and outer surfaces of a cell membrane carry a negative and positive charge, respectively. Because of these charges, a potential difference of about 70 mV exists across the membrane. The thickness of the membrane is 8 nm. A) If the membrane were empty (filled with air), what would be the magnitude of the electric field inside the membrane? (Assume that this field would be constant in magnitude). B) If the dielectric constant of the membrane is K = 3, what would the field be inside the membrane?3) Cells can carry ions across a membrane against the field ("uphill") using a variety of active transport mechanisms. One mechanism does so by using up some of the cell's stored energy (converting ATP to ADP, for those who remember their biochemistry). How much work does it take to carry one sodium ion (charge = +e) across the membrane against the field?

The inner and outer surfaces of a cell membrane carry a negative and a positive charge, respectively. Because of these charges, a potential difference of about 0.070 V exists across the membrane. The thickness of the cell membrane is 8.0 x 10-9 m.

there are mainly three domains in biological classification namely; archaea, bacteria, and eukarya.

archaea includes all the prokaryotic cells which are characterized by their lipid membranes. they have branched hydrocarbon which is attached to glycerol through an ether linkage.

bacteria includes all the prokaryotic cells, the cell membrane of which are made up of the unbranched fatty acid chain. in addition, they are attached to glycerol through an ester bond.

eukarya includes all the eukaryotic cells, that is, the cells contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound cell organelles.

they can be autotrophic as well as heterotrophic, unicellular as well as multicellular

they include kingdoms like protista, plantae, animalia, fungi et cetera.

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i think the answer is 95 hope this