What is the term for the photopigment present in rod cells?

According to the theory of punctuated equilibrium, at what rate does speciation occur? species change depending on the rate of natural selection. after periods of stasis, new species evolve relatively rapidly. species change slowly and eventually form new species. some species change quickly and others change slowly to balance the overall rate.

There are specialized producers that live in warm water vents deep in the ocean. these producers do not per-form from photosynthesis, but instead perform a similar process with iron and other chemicals. why do you think these producers use this process instead of photosynthesis?

What advantages does a pedigree have over a written passage?