Do all substitution cause change in the amino acid sequence of a protein

Vaccines are weakened forms of disease causing microorganisms, which are given to patients to prevent disease. after the vaccine is administered, the immune system responds by creating a(n) to recognize the a.) antibody, antibiotic b.) antigen, antibody c.)antibiotic, antibody d.)antibody, antigen

Which component in a graph indicates an independent factor? a. y-axis b. x-axis c. scale

Which of the following is likely not involved in this example of ecological succession? a) the rotting remains of plants add to the fertility of the soil. b)the soil becomes so fertile that eel grass is replaced by other plant species. c) the roots from plants stabilize the sediment, keeping it in place. d) the concentration of salt becomes so high that all plant life is destroyed.