Study the timeline. A timeline. 4.5 billion years ago, Earth is formed. 4.3 billion years ago, Earliest water. 4.1 billion years ago, Single celled life. 3.5 billion years ago, Earliest oxygen and photosynthesis. 2.5 billion years ago, Complex single celled life. 1.5 billion years ago, Multi cellular life. 500 million years ago, Land life. 300 million years ago, Dinosaurs. 200 million years ago, Mammals. 130 million years ago, Flowers. 5 million years ago, Humans. Based on fossil evidence, about how long ago did the first single-celled life form appear on Earth? 130 million years ago 1.5 billion years ago 2.5 billion years ago 4.1 billion years ago

Hi i think the answer is 200 million years! Please correct me if im  wrong

Explanation:

this protocol provides a detailed procedure for co-immunoprecipitation (co-ip) to identify protein–protein interactions.

step 1: initiation

initiation is the beginning of transcription. it occurs when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

step 2: elongation

elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

step 3: termination

termination is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.