How does dna in cells determine an organism’s complex traits?

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i.e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).

During photosynthesis, hydrogen ions are most directly used to in the chloroplast pictured above. a) make glucose b) make chlorophyll c) produce carbon dioxide d) drive the production of atp

In a village where the proportion of individuals who are susceptible to malaria is .70 and population is at hardy-weinberg equilibrium what population is heterozygous hba/hbs