The Human Genome Project (HGP) was an international scientific project spanning many years and involving hundreds of scientists. Its purpose was to determine the sequence of chemical base pairs that make up DNA and map all the human genes. This allowed researchers to compare sequences of human DNA to sequences of DNA from other organisms. From these comparisons, they could identify similar genes that may have similar functions. Which statement best explains why it is possible to make these types of comparisons of these DNA sequences? Virtually all organisms generate mutations that are passed on to their offspring.

The genetic code in virtually all organisms depends upon enzymes to form bonds.

Virtually all organisms replicate their genetic material prior to mitotic cell division.

The specific codons that code for a particular amino acid are common to virtually all organisms.

enzyme active site and substrate specificity

enzymes bind with chemical reactants called substrates. there may be one or more substrates for each type of enzyme, depending on the particular chemical reaction. in some reactions, a single-reactant substrate is broken down into multiple products

maybe because its impossible for balloons to lift a whole entire house.

it provides an alternative energy pathway for the reaction to proceed.

a catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not consumed during the course of the reaction.

catalysts increase the rate of reaction without being used up. they do this by lowering the activation energy needed. with a catalyst, more collisions result in a reaction, so the rate of reaction increases. different reactions need different catalysts.

a catalyst works by providing an alternative reaction pathway to the reaction product. the rate of the reaction is increased as this alternative route has a lower activation energy than the reaction route not mediated by the catalyst.