How do minerals enter root cells from surrounding soil

Absorption of mineral elements by the root from the soil takes place by active transport. The water film around the soil particles also contains a low concentration of mineral elements. These mineral elements move from soil into the root cells against the concentration gradient.

Root cells contain proton pumps that actively expel H+ ions stored in the vacuole of root cells

into the surrounding soil.

Explanation:

b

explanation:

genetic variation can be caused by mutation (which can create entirely new alleles in a population), random mating, random fertilization, and recombination between homologous chromosomes during meiosis (which reshuffles alleles within an organism's offspring).