How do stem cell know what types of cells to differentiate into? A. The nucleus has instructions to turn some genes on and some genes off
B. Signals from chemicals in the organism (transcription factors) or from the environment determine which genes will be turned on and off
C. Genes turn on and off randomly
D. The cell has unique DNA that determines what the cell will become

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i.e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).

Which of the following is a good definition for the word adaptation? question 1 options: a trait that an organism survive and reproduce in its environment. a change in an organism's environment. the way in which animals obtain food. a temperature change that can cause the extinction of plants and animals.

The mixture of sperm and fluids from the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and cowper's glands is called