You are given four test tubes containing purified biological macromolecules. The test tubes are unlabeled except that each is labeled with a number between 1 and 4. You are told that one test tube contains amylase (a protein), one contains vegetable oil (a lipid), one contains starch (a carbohydrate), and one contains DNA (a nucleic acid). You then perform some tests on the macromolecules and collect the following information: 1.) Test tubes #2 and #4 contain nitrogen, but the other tubes do not. 2) The contents of test tube #3 are not soluble in water, but the contents of the other test tubes are soluble in water. 3) The contents of test tube #1 can be broken down into subunits that are all exactly identical to each other. 4) The macromolecule in test tube #2 is found to have a globular shape and reacts with Biuret reagent. 5) The macromolecule in test tube #4 contains the nitrogenous bases Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine. What are the identities of the macromolecules present in the four test tubes? Justify your choices using the collected data.

Proteins are the workhorses of the cell, controlling virtually every reaction within as well as providing structure and serving as signals to other cells. proteins are long chains of  amino acids  , and the exact sequence of the amino acids determines the final structure and function of the protein. instructions for that sequence are encoded in  genes  . to make a particular protein, a messenger ribonucleic acid (mrna) copy is made from the gene (in the process called  transcription  ), and the mrna is transported to the  ribosome  . protein synthesis, also called  translation  , begins when the two ribosomal subunits link onto the mrna. this step, called initiation, is followed by elongation, in which successive amino acids are added to the growing chain, brought in by transfer rnas (trnas). in this step, the ribosome reads the  nucleotides  of mrna three by three, in units called  codons  , and matches each to three nucleotides on the trna, called the anticodon. finally, during termination, the ribosome unbinds from the mrna, and the  amino acid  chain goes on to be processed and folded to make the final, functional protein

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