To determine if a material is a mineral, we could observe its , subject it to force and observe how it , study how it reacts to , or inspect the material visually.

the answer to your question is b

many other transport proteins, often called pumps, move materials against a concentration gradient. active transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. this process, shown in figure 5.1, uses transport proteins powered by chemi- cal energy.

it is called the mitotic spindle