Over time, research shows that washing spinach with only water several time does not prevent foodborne diseases. How can you explain this fact

Explanation:

Prokaryotes are everywhere: They readily colonize the surface of any type of material, and food is not an exception. Most of the time, prokaryotes colonize food and food-processing equipment in the form of a biofilm, as we have discussed earlier. Outbreaks of bacterial infection related to food consumption are common

well, that's easy; the answer's c, "it reduces contamination of the water and substrate of the estuary."