Which process will take longer, primary succession or secondary succession and why?

Secondary Succession

Explanation:

Secondary succession usually occurs faster than primary succession because the substrate is already present. In primary succession, there is no soil and it needs to form. This process takes time, as pioneer species must colonize the area, they must die, and as this happens over and over again, soil forms.

it cools slower in the earth meaning the crystals have more time to form than lava on the surface

the second type of galaxy is called a barred spiral, which has a thing called a bar straddling the nucleus