1.Bats and humans are both mammals and share a common ancestor. Because of this, a human arm and a bat wing have similar bone structure. In contrast, bird wings and bat wings have different structures. Explain these relationships in terms of homologous and analogous structures.

a. the production of carbon dioxide through the process of photosynthesis

the darker peppered moth species were favored due to the fact that the industrial revolution had made all the nearby trees a darker color instead of white.

a scenario where a cell may be needed to perform a form of endocytosis is when transporting large molecules. a scenario where a cell may be needed to perform a form of exocytosis is when releasing the large molecule from the cell.

it provides an alternative energy pathway for the reaction to proceed.

a catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not consumed during the course of the reaction.

catalysts increase the rate of reaction without being used up. they do this by lowering the activation energy needed. with a catalyst, more collisions result in a reaction, so the rate of reaction increases. different reactions need different catalysts.

a catalyst works by providing an alternative reaction pathway to the reaction product. the rate of the reaction is increased as this alternative route has a lower activation energy than the reaction route not mediated by the catalyst.