Similar rock formations have been discovered in Brazil and South Africa. These rock formations were formed at the same time and are made of the same types of rocks. What could explain how these rocks got so far apart?

continental drift

Explanation:

The most likely reason for this would be continental drift. It is believed that millions of years ago our world was one giant continent. This continent began breaking apart and drifting slowly more and more as millions of years passed by, ultimately creating the seven continents we know now. This would mean that Brazil and South Africa were most likely once the exact same location or the edge of where the continent broke apart. This would explain why the same rock was found in both locations.