According to Dr. Temple Grandin, which of the following most causes abuse and neglect in animal operations? ignorance of animals’ stress response
fear of animals’ aggression under stress
apathy toward the complex needs of animals
expense of providing a non-neglectful environment

Ignorance of animals’ stress response

Explanation:

Dr. Temple Grandin who is a researcher on the various animal stress and how to ensure that animals are taken care of published an article on what animals passed through daily during animal operations.

According to him, the most common cause of abuse and neglect in animal operations happens to be ignorance of the people about animal stress response.

To him, most farmers don't pay attention to the stress animals passes through neither do they respond adequately to those stress when found.

substitution is the answer in this case