Biology, 01.01.2021 17:20 bryan1528489

How can we explain the observation that traits, such as skin color, are fairly consistent within a racial group, but alleles for skin color are not consistent

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Skin color is a quantitative trait influenced by the combined action of many genes, thereby different gene pools can result in the same skin color.

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Quantitative traits (also known as continuous traits, ) are phenotypic traits that depend on the combined action of many genes and the environment. These traits show continuous variation, changing gradually over a range of values in the population. Examples of quantitative traits include height, skin color, weight, etc. A gene pool is the sum of all the individual genes in a population. In consequence, different populations may show different allele combinations (gene pools) that result in the same phenotype for a quantitative trait (skin color).

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the electromagnetic spectrum includes, from longest wavelength to shortest: radio waves, microwaves, infrared, optical, ultraviolet, x-rays, and gamma-rays.

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fertilization, pictured in figure 24.23a is the process in which gametes (an egg and sperm) fuse to form a zygote. the egg and sperm each contain one set of chromosomes. to ensure that the offspring has only one complete diploid set of chromosomes, only one sperm must fuse with one egg. in mammals, the egg is protected by a layer of extracellular matrix consisting mainly of glycoproteins called the zona pellucida. when a sperm binds to the zona pellucida, a series of biochemical events, called the acrosomal reactions, take place. in placental mammals, the acrosome contains digestive enzymes that initiate the degradation of the glycoprotein matrix protecting the egg and allowing the sperm plasma membrane to fuse with the egg plasma membrane, as illustrated in figure 24.23b. the fusion of these two membranes creates an opening through which the sperm nucleus is transferred into the ovum. the nuclear membranes of the egg and sperm break down and the two haploid genomes condense to form a diploid genome.

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How can we explain the observation that traits, such as skin color, are fairly consistent within a r...