A certain type of tumor results in the overproduction of glucagon. Researchers claim that treatment with insulin can counteract the effects of the excess glucagon on the pathway shown in Figure 2. Provide reasoning to justify the researchers' claim.

Keeping in mind the life cycle of bacteriophages, consider the following problem: during the reproductive cycle of a temperate bacteriophage, the viral dna inserts into the bacterial chromosome where the resultant prophage behaves much like a trojan horse. it can remain quiescent, or it can become lytic and initiate a burst of progeny viruses. several operons maintain the prophage state by interacting with a repressor that keeps the lytic cycle in check. insults (ultraviolet light, for example) to the bacterial cell lead to a partial breakdown of the repressor, which in turn causes the production of enzymes involved in the lytic cycle. as stated in this simple form, would you consider this system of regulation to be operating under positive or negative control?

Describe the function of the endomembrane system? what organelles are involved?

In the respiration-photosynthesis cycle shown above, what are the products of cellular respiration that belong in box 2?