Draw a portion of a plasma membrane of a cell and label the cytoplasmic and extracellular surface. Place the following four proteins in the membrane: a) peripheral membrane protein (cytoplasmic exposure), b) integral protein (transmembrane exposure), c) integral protein (extracellular exposure) and d) peripheral protein (extracellular exposure)

You will find the draw in the attached files.                                       

Explanation:

Transmembrane proteins cross the membrane from side to side. They have three domains in their monoacidic sequences: an extracellular hydrophilic domain, an intracellular hydrophilic domain, and an interior hydrophobic domain. The aminoacidic chain of these molecules might cross the membrane just once or many times, depending on the protein. Transmembrane proteins accomplish many functions, such as substance adhesion, ions interchange, molecules transport, communication, among others.

Proteins encrusted in one of the monolayers do not cross the membrane. Their monoacidic sequences are integrated with only one of the monolayer lipids, hence they have an intramembrane domain and only one extramembrane domain, which might be either cytosolic or extracellular, depending on their position in the membrane.

biology is the study of life. it is the study of living organism.

an individual’s sex (i.e., whether they are a male or female) is determined by the sex chromosomes. most people have two sex chromosomes, one that is inherited from their mother and one that is inherited from their father. typically, females have two x chromosomes (xx) and males have one x chromosome and one y chromosome (xy). conditions caused by changes (“mutations”) in genes located on the x chromosome are considered x-linked.

x-linked recessive inheritance

most x-linked conditions are recessive. this means that in a person with two x chromosomes (most females), both copies of a gene (i.e., one on each x chromosome) must have a change or mutation whereas in a person with one x chromosome (most males), only one copy of a gene must have a mutation. a female with a mutation in one copy of a gene on the x chromosome is said to be a “carrier” for an x-linked condition. a male with a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome is typically affected with the condition. because females have two copies of the x chromosome and males have only one x chromosome, x-linked recessive diseases are more common among males than females. however, x-linked recessive diseases can occur in both males and females.

for x-linked recessive disorders, an unaffected carrier mother who has a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome can transmit either the x chromosome with this mutation or a “normal” x chromosome to her children. if the father is unaffected, none of her daughters will be affected and all of her daughters will be unaffected—since they will inherit at least one normal x chromosome from their father. however, each daughter will have a 50% chance of being an unaffected carrier like her mother and a 50% chance of both x chromosomes being normal.