. Mutations that result in phenotypes that are favored by natural selection are known as
harmful
beneficial
somatic
gamete

Mutations generate the variation on which natural selection acts. the change in DNA sequence may even turn out to be beneficial to the organism.  has a deleterious affect on the phenotype of the offspring, the mutation is referred to as a  Every genetic feature in every organism was, initially, the result of a mutation.

Explanation:

hydroxyl -oh

alcohols, always polar, can form hydrogen bonds with h2o molecules

carboxyl -cooh  

cargoxylic acids, has acidic properties which is a source of hydrogen ions, found in cells in ionized for with a charge of oh-1

carbonyl > co

ketone if within skeleton, aldehyde if group is at the end of skeleton, k & a may be structural isomers, it determines 2 sugars (ketose & aldose)

amino -nh2

amines, acts as a base, it can pick up h+ ions from surrounding solution, ionized with charge of 1+

methyl ch2

addition to rna/dna affects and gene expression

phosphate -opo3 ²⁻

organic phosphates, contributes to negative charge to, molecule that it is a part of, and potential to react with h20

sulfhydryl -sh

thiols, cross-linking stabilize the protein, and it is structure

golgi body just took the test on edge