Explain the differences between osmosis, diffusion, active transport and bulk transport

Benito is doing research on the effects of florida's elevation on its climate. his notes include the following: 1. the average elevation of florida is 30 m above sea level. 2. the highest point in florida is britton hill, which is 105 m above sea level. 3. the change in temperature from 0 m to 1,000 m is 7 °c. what can benito conclude about the effects of florida's elevation on its climate? a.) florida typically experiences cold temperatures and temperature changes within a narrow range. b.) florida typically experiences cold temperatures and temperature changes within a broad range. c.) florida typically experiences warm temperatures and temperature changes within a narrow range. d.) florida typically experiences warm temperatures and temperature changes within a broad range.

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i.e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).

In many humans, exposing the skin to sunlight over prolonged periods of time results in the production of more pigment by the skin cells (tanning). this change in skin color provides evidence that -