Is reproduction an essential life process ?

Freckles are a dominant trait in humans. both of the girls have the genotype ff for freckles. if either one marries a man with no freckles, what are the chances that their children will have freckles?

The eruption of a nearby volcano causes a prairie ecosystem to receive a lot less sunlight. which of these is most likely effect on the ecosystem?

Why did adult crab numbers decline in he ecosystem, even though sea stars were still available?