Which of the following is not one of the factors that play a role in population growth rate?

A thing that doesn't directly affect a population of let's say deer wouldn't play a role in their growth rate. 

The need activity of the nurse is to suction discharges from the trachea. current treatment approaches in the pressing consideration facilities or crisis offices are corticosteroids and nebulized epinephrine; steroids have demonstrated advantageous in extreme, direct, and even gentle croup. in the clear instances of croup, anti-microbials are not endorsed, as the etiology is viral