6) Ecological succession leads to the sustainability of life in an ecosystem. Succession is the observed process of change in the
species structure of an ecosystem. The community begins with relatively few pioneering plants and animals and develops
through stages of increasing complexity until it becomes stable. Succession may be initiated either by formation of new,
unoccupied habitat such as the formation of an island or by some form of disturbance such as fire in an existing ecosystem,
Succession that begins in new habitats, uninfluenced by pre-existing communities is called primary succession, whereas
succession that follows disruption of a pre-existing community is called secondary succession.
If a tornado destroys a deciduous forest, what kind of succession follows?
A)
classic ecosystem
B)
climax community
primary succession
D)
secondary succession

Glomar challenger was a deep sea research and scientific drilling vessel for oceanography and marine geology studies. the drillship was designed by global marine inc

Ithink it’s c or b for the answer.

Environmental science studies the interactions between the physical, chemical, and biological components of the environment, including their effects on all types of organisms. earth science (also known as geoscience), is an inclusive term for all sciences related to earth (geology, meteorology, oceanogr maphy, etc).  although environmental and earth science cover essentially the same material, environmental science places greater emphasis on the biological realm, while earth science places greater emphasis on the physical realm.    environmental and earth science study the interactions of four major systems or “spheres” (figure 8.6).  the  geosphere  consists of the core, mantle and crust of the earth.the  atmosphere  contains all of the earth’s air and is divided into troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and ionosphere.the  hydrosphere  contains all of the solid, liquid and gaseous water on earth, extending from the depths of the sea to the upper reaches of the troposphere where water is found.  ninety-seven percent of the hydrosphere is found in salty oceans, and the remainder is found as vapor or droplets in the atmosphere and as liquid in ground water, lakes, rivers, glaciers and snowfields.  the  biosphere  is the collection of all earth’s life forms, distributed in major life zones known as biomes:   tundra, boreal forest, temperate deciduous forest, temperate grassland, desert, savannah, tropical rainforest, chaparral, freshwater, and marine.although the four systems have their unique identities, there is substantial interaction between them.  environmental scientists study the effects of events in one sphere on the other spheres. for example, a volcanic eruption in the geosphere may cause profound direct and indirect effects on the hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere as follows: example 1 (volcano)    on may 18, 1980, mount saint helens, in the state of washington, erupted.  this event altered the surrounding environment, and provided scientists with an opportunity to study the effects of volcanic eruptions on the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere.  such studies are vital because volcanic eruptions will continue to occur, and will have increasing impact on humans as people continue to settle lands closer to dormant volcanoes. the following are but a few of the myriad of interactions resulting from a volcanic