If the manta ray gets 50 kcal of energy by eating the starfish, how much energy does the clam get from
eating the plankton?
I kcal

compost can be added to topsoil as a:

pesticide

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for example, no new evidence will demonstrate that the earth does not orbit around the sun (heliocentric theory), or that living things are not made of cells (cell theory), that matter is not composed of atoms, or that the surface of the earth is not divided into solid plates that have moved over geological timescales .