Genetically modified organisms are 1. ALWAYS a benefit to humans and the environment
2. They ALWAYS benefit humans but NEVER the environment
3. NEVER a benefit to humans and the environment
4. Have benefits and drawbacks (bad thing) about them

If a set of instructions that determines all of the charactersitics of an organism is comparedto a book,and a chromosme is compared to chaper in the book,then what might be compared to a paragraph in the book?

Coat color in cats is determined by genes at several different loci. at one locus on the x chromosome, one allele (x ) encodes black fur and another allele (xo) encodes orange fur. females can be black (x x ), orange (xoxo), or a mixture of orange and black called tortoiseshell (x xo). males are either black (x y) or orange (xoy). bill has a female tortoiseshell cat named patches. one night, patches escapes from bill\'s house, spends the night out, and mates with a stray male. patches later gives birth to the following kittens: one orange male, one black male, two tortoiseshell females, and one orange female. what are the genotypes of patches, the stray male, and the kittens?

Give examples of selective advantage of organism’s body part/organ