8. Genetic engineering has directly increased productivity in which

U. S. industry?

Agriculture  

Explanation:

Genetic engineering can be defined as the use of genetic techniques aimed at modifying the genome of living organisms, thereby being used to develop Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs). In the USA, genetic engineering methodologies have been used in agriculture to improve crop yields and reduce costs (for example, by reducing the need to use pesticides). Some of the most important genetic engineering techniques that nowadays are being used in agriculture research include biolistic transformation, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing system, etc.

step 1: initiation

initiation is the beginning of transcription. it occurs when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

step 2: elongation

elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

step 3: termination

termination is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.