How does altitude (elevation) affect climate

Altitude or height above sea level - Locations at a higher altitude have colder temperatures. Temperature usually decreases by 1°C for every 100 metres in altitude. This means that coastal locations tend to be cooler in summer and warmer in winter than places inland at the same latitude and altitude.

volcanoes (an event in the geosphere) release a large amount of particulate matter into the atmosphere. these particles serve as nuclei for the formation of water droplets (hydrosphere). rainfall (hydrosphere) often increases following an eruption, stimulating plant growth (biosphere).