Baby chicks are pecking at grains of cracked corn of different colors. A researcher is attempting to determine if they prefer one color over
another. He counts the number of grains chosen in an arena that has
equal numbers of red, blue, green and yellow corn chunks. The
expected number here is 235. Here are his results:
red: 250 blue: 220
green: 230
yellow: 240
Perform a Chi Square analysis on these results. Don't forget to find the
degrees of freedom. Make sure to show your work to get full credit.

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i.e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).