Num ecossistema, existem relações alimentares muito variadas, que envolvem transferências de e de entre os seres vivos e entre eles e o meio abiótico. *

the answer is d. chordata

this is true, assuming that the allele is completely recessive and incomplete dominance is not a factor.

not necessarily. higher fitness requires the organism to be reproductive successful. for example, an organism at age 10 with 15 offspring is much more fit than an organism at age 15 with only 5 offspring.