When homologous chromosome pairs align on the spindle during Metaphase I, the orientation of one pair is independent of the orientation of any other pair. This is known as independent assortment. Humans have 46 chromosomes, arranged as 23 pairs. During Metaphase I, each pair lines up independently, which results in 223 possible combinations. Using the information given above, calculate the number of possible genetic combinations due to independent assortment.

Answer is in the photo. I couldn't attach it here, but uploaded it to a file hosting. link below! Good Luck!

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estuaries are the partially enclosed coastal bodies of brackish water formed at the mouth of sea where river meets an ocean. it is a transition zone between river and sea water so estuaries are influenced to both marine environment such as tides, waves and to riverine such as flow of fresh water and sediments. the mixing of sea and fresh water provide high level of nutrients, making estuaries a high product habitats.

many estuaries suffers degradation from a variety of human activities like erosion from deforestation, overgrazing, overfishing, drainage and eutrophication.

so from the above statement answers will be

1. false as estuaries are formed due to both brackish and freshwater.

2.true, due to high productivity estuaries are breeding ground for many marine species.

3. direct and indirect activities of man that contribute to pollution and deposition of sediments.