Consider a breeder that mates two heterozygous black Staffordshire bull terriers over the course of three years. The dam eventually produces 16 puppies: 11 are black like the parents, 4 turn out white, and 1 turns out gray colored. As a genetics student, what do you think of this outcome

Different colour occur due to heterozygous nature.

Explanation:

Most of the puppies just like parents because the black colour gene or allele is dominant over other colour allele whereas other colour puppies also formed due to presence of heterozygous type of alleles. Other colour occurs due to appearance of recessive allele in the physique of the offspring or formation of hybrids occurs which causes colour other than black and white in the offspring. In the F1 generation all the offspring resembles to the male parent but after this generation some offspring resembles to male, some are hybrids and other resembles to female.

chlorophyll a: this is the most abundant pigment in plants. chlorophyll a absorbs light with wavelengths of 430nm(blue) and 662nm(red). it reflects green light strongly so it appears green to us.