During de novo pyrimidine synthesis, the pyrimidine ring is assembled and then joined to phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP), forming orotidine monophosphate. Orotidine monophosphate is next converted to uridylate, or UMP. UMP can then be converted to another pyrimidine ribonucleotide, CTP. Identify the source of each atom in the pyrimidine ring.

a few examples of ethical concerns involving genetically engineering of humans include

-privacy of genetically tested people

- potential side effects

-long term effects

the relative atomic mass of an element is the mass of one atom of that element, relative to 1/12th of the mass of a  1212c atom. to convert to an absolute mass in kg, it is necessary to multiply by  1.661×10−271.661×10−27.

the relative atomic mass is roughly equal to the number of neutrons, plus the number of protons, in the nucleus of the atom.

for elements with more than one stable isotope (different types of nucleus with different numbers of neutrons but the same number of protons), the quoted mass is usually the average mass, weighted by the relative abundance of the different isotopes.

c) 50% there are four chromosomes. after crossing over, 2 of the four have been changed. that means any gamete has a 2 in 4 chance or 50% chance of receiving the mutated chromosome.