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Which of the following is an abiotic factor in an ecosystem? a. bacteriab. airc. niched. grass(abiotic=non-living) me !

You will create a molecular clock model for an arthropod gene. follow these guidelines to make your model: . your timeline will span from 90 million years ago to the present. the common ancestor in your model is an arthropod that lived 90 million years ago. the gene that you'll track codes for a protein in the species venom . the dna sequence youll track contains 10 nitrogen bases. you can choose the order of the bases and where the mutations occur. this gene mutates at a rate of approximately 0.76 base pairs every 17.1 million years. to build your model,/ calculate the estimated time period it takes for 1 base pair to mutate. the first time period will only show the common ancestor. at the beginning of the second time period, three lineages will diverge from the common ancestor, each with a different mutation in their gene sequences. the first and third descendant species will survive for the rest of the timeline. the second descendant species was extinct 50 million years ago. calculate how long it will take for one full base pair mutation to occur. explain your reasoning by constructing a mathematical equation

Red blood cells are responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood. people with sickle cell anemia were born with a defective gene that results in sickle-shaped red blood cells. individuals with the disease often suffer pain in their extremities due to the build-up of these cells causing blockages in the blood vessels. the shape of the blood cells also reduces the amount of oxygen transported in the blood.