Which type of human population is characterized by the lag phase, being able to raise crops and domesticated animals, but having over farming methods that lead to soil eorion and food shortages?

Rural population.

Explanation:

The rural population of humans is characterized by the lag phase because they are linked with farming of crops and domesticated animals. This population is responsible for the soil erosion and food shortages over the country because they are the producers of everything for the food industry. Due to farming methods, soil erosion occurs that leads to the depletion of nutritive part of the soil that causes less productivity of the crop and as a result food shortage occur.