Is a brand new terrain a primary succession or secondary succession​

Which of the following is not an example of conflict between related individuals?

Nephrons, the functional unit of kidneys, are responsible for formation of urine. the sentences describe situations that are the result of problems in the urine formation process. for the nephron shown below, match each situation to the step in the urine formation process where the problem lies.

Fruit bats in central america eat bananas and other fruits. banana plants rely on bats for pollination. what would be the most likely consequence on the banana crop if fruit bats were eliminated from the area? the banana crop would increase because bats would stop eating the crops. the banana crop would decrease because bats would no longer pollinate the crops. the banana crop would remain constant because bees would replace the bats. the banana crop would remain constant because the plants would adapt using asexual reproduction.