Chromosome mutations involve the deletion or duplication of many genes. the effects of chromosome mutations are often much greater than mutations within a single gene, because chromosome mutations a. can only occur at the time of fertilization. b. can cause abnormal development of the offspring. c. are always beneficial to the organism. d. are rarely passed on to the next generation.

Protein and polypeptide sequences can be determined by first partially hydrolyzing the protein or polypeptide followed by amino acid sequencing of the fragment pieces using the chemical degradation process known as edman degradation. determine the sequence of the initial (18-amino acid) polypeptide that produces the following five partial sequences after hydrolysis and edman degradation.

How is synaptic signaling different from paracrine signaling?

The diagram is represented of a part of a plant cell. identify the locations where proton concentration builds up during photosynthesis and cellular respiration