What effects do pioneer species have on an environment undergoing primary succession

Which of these is not a function of some membrane proteins ? a.allowing polar molecules to enter the cell b.recognizing other types of cells c.receiving messeges from other cells b.carrying messages to oher cells

If scientists are wrong about earth's age based on radioactive material and the decay rates are really much faster, how would nuclear power plants be affected?

How does upwelling affect coastal fisheries? upwelling damages nutrient supplies at coastal fisheries as the warm, nutrient-rich surface water is replaced by nutrient-poor, cold water. upwelling damages nutrient supplies at coastal fisheries as the cold, nutrient-rich surface water is replaced by nutrient-poor, warm water. upwelling improves the nutrient supply at coastal fisheries as the warm, nutrient-rich surface water replaces the nutrient-poor, cold water. upwelling improves the nutrient supply at coastal fisheries as cold, nutrient-rich water replaces the warm, nutrient-poor surface water.