In pea plants, purple flowers (p) are dominant over white flowers (p). if two heterozygous purple-flowered plants are crossed with each other, then what are the possible genotypes of the offspring?

Niles eldredge and stephen jay gould researched the lenses of the eyes of fossil trilobites of different species. in 1972 they published a paper in which they described the tendency of a species to remain the same until a sudden change in the environment causes a new related species to appear. which hypothesis was most challenged by the work of eldredge and gould?