Lichens are found in areas
a) undergoing primary succession
b) undergoing secondary succession
c) of climax communities
(i don't know what this means actually. )

What happens when water’s salinity increases? mass decreases. freezing point decreases. buoyancy of objects decreases. the amount of dissolved minerals decreases.

The “ecological footprint” left by a citizen of a developed nation is about four times larger than that left by a citizen of a developing nation. why is this the case?

The punnett square predicts the ratio of genotypes in the offspring, based on the genotypes of the parents. in this cross, tallness (h) is dominant to shortness (h). based on the punnett square, what is the phenotype of the offspring? hh hh tall short