Can cause markedly shorter life spans, along with chronic respiratory problems in humans and animals.

the national environmental policy act (nepa) is a united states environmental law that promotes the enhancement of the environment and established the president's council on environmental quality (ceq). the law was enacted on january 1, 1970. to date, more than 100 nations around the world have enacted national environmental policies modeled after nepa.

only about ten percent of the energy at one trophic level is passed on to organisms at the next trophic level. the remainder of the energy is used in life processes or lost as heat.