What does the following statement mean? ''make a medial-ventral incision anteriorly to posteriorly''
a) make an incision on the front in the middle from top to bottom
b) make an incision on the back from top to bottom
c) make an incision in the middle from top to bottom
d) make an incision on the back from bottom to top
e) make an incision on the front from bottom to top

Alrighty, so:
Anterior- Referring to the head end of a bilaterally symmetrical animal.
Posterior-Of or pertaining to the rear, or tail, end.
Medial- Most likely means middle.
Ventral-Pertaining to the undersurface of an animal that holds its body in a horizontal position; to the front surface of an animal that holds its body erect.

Knowing these things I think of the sentence as:
"Make an incision down the middle of the belly from top to bottom."
Therefore I think the answer is A.)Make an incision on the front in the middle from top to bottom.

(It's been a very long time since I took Biology. I hope I'm correct.)
Hope this helps! (: