Which of the following statements best describes the response of finches to drought on the galapagos islands?
a. during drought, individual finches saw that large, hard seeds were the only available food. to crack these harder seeds, individual finches grew their beaks larger, resulting in an increased average beak depth.

b. during drought, finches struggled to open harder seeds. all the scraping and pecking wore down their beaks, resulting in a reduced average beak depth.

c. during drought, only finches with larger-than-average beaks were able to crack the hard seeds that were available. these finches survived while smaller-beaked finches died, resulting in an increased average beak depth in the population.

d. during drought, finches with smaller beaks (and smaller bodies) had an advantage. with reduced food supplies, larger finches (with larger beaks) were more likely to starve. the result was a decrease in average beak depth.

C. During drought, only finches with larger-than-average beaks were able to crack the hard seeds that were available. These finches survived while smaller-beaked finches died, resulting in an increased average beak depth in the population.

Explanation:

Variations were present in the gene pool of sexually reproducing population. The finch population had both finches with larger-than-average beaks and the one with shorter beaks. The beneficial variations such as presence of larger-than-average beaks imparted survival and reproductive advantage to these finches. These finches were able to feed themselves, reproduced and pass the trait to the offspring.

cells use diffusion to get substances in and out of themselves. that diffusion will occur across the cell membrane or the outer covering of the cell. because we are talking about the surface of the cell, surface area and volume are  important factors here. as a cell increases in size, its surface area and volume increase as well.  we call that the surface area to volume ratio (sa: vol).  but the catch is that  volume increases at a greater rate than surface  area. in other words, as a cell gets bigger, the sa: vol gets smaller. so a really small cell like bacteria is mostly cell membrane (surface) with very little contents (volume). a really big cell like an egg, is mostly insides with a super thin membrane. so what ends up happening is that the cell cannot efficiently diffuse all of the stuff it needs in/out to survive. therefore cell size is limited to about 100mm. so how do we make organisms bigger than 100mm? cells divide! by dividing and becoming multicellular, organisms are able to grow!   check out the diagrams i attached to see the effect of sa: vol. i hope this ! good luck!

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