Explain the relationship between these terms.
photosynthesis chlorophyll
thylakoids chloroplasts

Cells get nutrients from their environment, but where do those nutrients come from? Virtually all organic material on Earth has been produced by cells that convert energy from the Sun into energy-containing macromolecules. This process, called photosynthesis, is essential to the global carbon cycle and organisms that conduct photosynthesis represent the lowest level in most food chains 

2hydrogen and 1 covalent

C. gemstones they are the only non metallic mineral from the list.