Ascientist observing a group of spider monkeys noticed that the adult females often spend time picking leaves off of tree branches. the scientist hypothesizes that this behavior is caused by boredom. is the scientist’s hypothesis valid?
no, humans are the only organisms that experience boredom.
yes, boredom is a likely explanation for the spider monkeys’ behavior.
no, emotions of non-human organisms cannot be tested.
yes, the hypothesis could be tested through a controlled experiment.

the endomembrane system i think

we solve the problem using the hardy-wineberg equation.

let us start with the homozygous recessive proportion of individuals with sickle cell anaemia,

we have the proportion as q² = 0.25.

∴ q = 0.5 (frequency of hbs in population)

further,

solving for the frequency of normal cell by using the fact that,

p + q = 1

∴ p = 1 - 0.5 = 1 - 0.5 = 0.5

now we can calculate 2pq in p² + 2pq + q², which is the frequency for heterozygous carriers of sickle cell anaemia,

∴ 2pq = 2 x 0.5 x 0.5 = 0.5

and the homozygous normal cell individuals proportion is given by the expression,

∴ p² = 0.5² = 0.25

hence, the carriers for sickle cell anaemia are in proportion, 0.5, or 50%.