What type of coal mining adversely impacts existing vegetation, destroys the genetic soil profile, displaces or destroys wildlife and habitat?

If the nucleus of a cell was removed the cell wouldn’t be able to make proteins because

How do all types of diffusion/passive transport actually ‘work’ without using even the smallest amount of cellular energy?

According to the rna world hypothesis, rna acted as the genetic material and catalyzed reactions in ancient cells. what conclusion can you draw from this?               a.  this implies that dna and proteins aren't essential in cells today.    b.  this implies that rna can catalyze any chemical reaction that enzymes catalyze.    c.  this implies that if a cell has a problem with its dna, its rna can compensate for the damaged dna.    d.  this implies that dna and proteins evolved after rna.