When your body is infected with the cold virus, antibodies tag the pathogen’s which are found on their outer surface, for destruction by immune cells.

The given blank can be filled with antigens.

Explanation:

The immune system safeguards the body from probable harmful components by identifying and reacting towards the antigens. The antigens are the components generally the proteins found on the surface of the viruses, cells, or bacteria.  

The non-living components like the chemicals, drugs, toxins, and foreign substances like splinter can also be the antigens. The immune system identifies and eradicates, or attempts to destroy the components, which comprise antigens.  

i believe that the answer is c.

kelp are large brown algae that live in cool, relatively shallow waters close to the shore. they grow in dense groupings much like a forest on land. these underwater towers of kelp provide food and shelter for thousands of fish, invertebrates, and marine mammal species.

e) all of the above